国土景观视野下的中国传统山—水—田—城体系

几千年来，中国人不断开发农业以满足生存需要。为适应农业、定居和交通发展的需求，人们针对不同地区的地理环境和自然特征修筑各种水利设施，形成了由天然水体与人工水系相结合的覆盖国土的水的网络。人们在区域的自然山水与人工农田水利系统中择址建设城市，并对城市内外已形成的大地肌理进行改造和点缀，实现山水环境的风景化。这种独特的土地整理和土地利用方式造就了人工与自然融合的中国传统国土景观，并形成了山、水、田、城一体的景观系统。今天，我们需要从新的视角去认识历史，汲取古代经验，保护国土上遗留下来的古代水利、农业、村落和城市遗产，并寻求与古代经验兼容并蓄的新的山水人居建设方式。

Traditional Chinese Mountain-water-field-city System from the Perspective of Territorial Landscape

For thousands of years, the Chinese have been developing agriculture to survive. To meet the developmental needs of agriculture, human settlement and transportation, they have built various water conservancies according to specific geographical environment and natural character of different regions, and formed a nationwide-covering water network by combining natural water system with artificial water system. Cities were built in proper site within the regional natural landscape and the artificial system of farmland and water conservancy. The land texture inside and outside the city were gradually transformed and embellished, and the landscape environment turned into scenic areas. This unique way of land arrangement and utilization has led to the traditional landscape of China including both artificial and natural elements, and formed the landscape system integrating mountain, water, field and city. Today, we urgently need to comprehend the history from a new perspective, learn from the ancient experiences, protect the ancient water conservancies, villages, agricultural and urban heritages left over on our land, and seek new ways of landscape construction compatible with ancient experiences