快速响应热流/温度传感器设计与特性分析

针对高超声速飞行器长时间地面试验中同时测量壁面温度和热流的要求，设计了一种快速响应的新型热阻式热流传感器，在不同金属层界面上形成热电偶接点，通过测量交界面温度响应，获得传感器表面热流和温度。建立了传感器有限元数值模型，通过传感器内部传热计算，分析了其响应特性。数值计算结果表明：短时间响应后，传感器的内部温度响应和分布满足理论假定；在数据处理时考虑温差项和储能项，可同时得到传感器表面热流和温度，比稳态处理方法更真实地反映壁面温度对热流的影响。

Design and Response Characteristics Analysis of a Fast-response Sensor for Temperature and Heat Flux Measurement

A fast-response thermal resistance type heat flux sensor is designed to measure wall surface temperature and heat flux simultaneously in hypersonic vehicle long-time ground test. The thermocouple junctions are formed at the interfaces among different metal layers, and the heat flux and surface temperature could be achieved using the measured temperatures at the interfaces. A FEA model is built to simulate the internal heat transfer and response characteristics of the sensor. The numerical results show that theoretical assumptions could be met after a short-time response. The surface temperature and heat flux could be achieved simultaneously by considering temperature difference term and energy storing term during data reduction, and the effect of surface temperature on heat flux could be more closely reflected compared to the steady data reduction method.