深水钻井溢流早期监测技术研究现状

深水油气井溢流及井喷的预防和控制是深水钻井过程中的重要工作，墨西哥湾“深水地平线”井喷溢油事故发生后，井喷的预防和控制成为海洋油气开发亟待解决的重大难题。应对深水钻井溢流及井喷问题，切实有效的技术措施是在早期监测和识别溢流的基础上及时采取应对措施。为此，通过分析深水钻井井控面临的主要困难，从平台监测、海水段监测和井下随钻监测3个层面，综述了国内外井下溢流早期监测技术研究现状，重点分析了井下随钻监测的发展现状，指出深水钻井井下溢流监测技术将朝着有利于更加及时准确发现和识别井下溢流的技术领域发展。最后，根据深水钻井和溢流监测技术的特点，优选出适合深水钻井环境的井下溢流早期监测方法，包括井口流量法、泥浆池液面法、钻井参数法、隔水管超声波法、PWD/LWD监测法、随钻超声波井下流量测量法6种方法；建立了溢流早期综合监测和识别技术，该技术不仅可以用于深水钻井井下溢流监测，还可用于压井和井筒压力精确控制过程的综合监控，为深水钻井提供技术保障。

Research status of early monitoring technology for deepwater drilling overflow

Prevention and control of overflow and blowout is an important task during deepwater drilling, and has become a great problem that urgently needs to be solved in offshore oil and gas exploration especially after the deepwater horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. While dealing with such a problem, it is most practical and effective to detect the overflow early and take corresponding measures timely. Therefore, this paper analyzes the major difficulties in deepwater well control, summarizes the domestic and overseas research of the early detection of overflow from the aspects of platform monitoring, offshore monitoring and monitoring while drilling, and indicates the monitoring technique will be further developed for more precise and earlier detection of overflow in deepwater drilling. Finally, based on characteristics of the monitoring technique, six detection methods respectively using wellhead flow, pit level, drilling parameters, ultrasonic inspection in riser, and pressure while drilling (PWD)/logging while drilling (LWD) are selected to establish an integrated technique for early monitoring and detection of overflow. It is used not only for detecting the overflow in deepwater drilling, but also to comprehensively monitor the accuracy control of well killing and wellbore pressure, thus providing technical support for deepwater drilling.