Dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of ionic liquids |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;1. Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China;2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38, Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China;3. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resource Utilization, Tianjin, 300350, China;4. Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China |
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| Abstract: | The acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose was performed in a microbatch reactor at 80 °C using two commercially available ionic liquids, a hydrophilic one, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM+BF4−), and a hydrophobic one, 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+PF6−). When the reaction is carried out in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate as solvent and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst, a yield up to 50% in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is obtained within around 3 h. When the reaction is carried out now in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and in 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate as solvents and Amberlyst-15 as catalyst, DMSO is used as a co-solvent, in order, in particular, to solubilize fructose in the hydrophobic ionic liquid. Under these conditions, both ionic liquids allow the reaction to work more rapidly than in DMSO alone and with yields in HMF close to 80% within 24 h. |
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