Fluid dynamic mechanisms of particle flow causing ductile and brittle erosion |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China;1. Applied Mechanics Department, MNNIT Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, India;2. Material Science and Engineering Department, NIT Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 176005, India;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5700, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Payam Noor University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran;1. Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Nankoku, Japan;2. Research and Development (R&D) Center for Submarine Resources, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan;3. Marine Works Japan Ltd., Nankoku, Japan;4. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;5. Research and Development Center for Ocean Drilling Science (ODS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan;6. Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto, Japan;7. Center for Deep Earth Exploration, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Traditional prediction of erosion focuses on the use of velocity and impact angle of particles as independent variables in analytically derived models. This approach is most suitable for numerical predictions of erosion in disperse flow fields where particle trajectories may easily be followed prior to impact. For dense particle flows, the prediction of individual particle or particle cluster movement is nearly never attempted by following trajectories. Instead, two-fluid Eulerian–Eulerian approaches are used in which a continuous particle fluid phase is considered.The present study shows that the impact velocity and angle of attack of particles at the eroding surface are difficult to obtain for dense flows, thus being difficult to consider as parameters for predicting erosion. Instead, it is proposed that the normal and the shearing components of the viscous dissipation of the particulate phase are more suitable as independent flow variables governing the erosion process. These variables describe deformation and cutting wear processes, respectively, and are readily derived from the flow field.Eulerian erosion models are proposed, based on these independent variables. It is possible to implement previous results and theories concerning the material–mechanical interaction between the abrasive and an eroding surface to achieve model improvements. In this work, only a simple model taking into account a threshold elastic strain limit is proposed, to more correctly model the deformation wear.The particle-flow boundary condition — a partial-slip condition — significantly influences the erosion process, particularly the cutting erosion. The boundary condition depends on parameters such as the local particle phase flow, the mean diameter and the sharpness of the abrasive as well as the surface roughness.A simple 2D test application — a jet stream of particles impinging a tilted plate — is presented, and the qualitative angular behaviour of ductile and brittle erosion is reproduced at the target position. A scheme is presented for determination of material constants and suitable boundary conditions to be used in the proposed erosion models. |
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