表面活性剂对制革浸灰工序的影响

将不同量的十二烷基硫酸酯钠、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和平平加O分别添加到浸灰液中,观察浸灰过程中皮膨胀情况和毛脱除情况,测定浸灰废液中蛋白质、悬浮物、硫化钠和有效氧化钙含量及浸灰皮油脂含量,并对浸灰皮组织切片进行显微镜观察。研究发现:在浸灰液中添加阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型表面活性剂均能加快浸灰过程,加速表皮、毛、皮中油脂及纤维间质的去除,并促进胶原纤维束的膨胀和分散;其中,加入阴离子型或非离子型表面活性剂时,胶原纤维束分散更均匀。加入表面活性剂后浸灰废液中硫化钠含量降低,有效氧化钙含量升高,并且离子型表面活性剂对于硫化钠和有效氧化钙含量的影响明显强于非离子型。

Effect of Surfactants on Liming Process in Leather Manufacture

Sodium dodecylsulfate,dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride and Peregal O with various dosages were used in the li- ming process respectively.The degree of the plumping of the cattle hide and the removal of the hair were evaluated during the li- ming process;the protein,suspending substance,sodium sulfide and effective calcium oxide contents in the liming liquor and the fat content in the limed hide were measured;also,the tissue slice of the limed hide was observed by optic microscope.The results show that:in the presence of anionic,cationic and nonionic surfactants,the liming process is accelerated;epidermis,hair and the fat are improved;the plumping and dispersion of the collagen fibril bundles are advanced;moreover,the collagen fibril bun- dles dispersed more evenly when adding anionic or nonionic surfactants.With surfactants the sodium sulfide content in the liming liquor reduced,while the effective calcium oxide content increase.Particularly,the action of the ionic surfactants is much stronger than the nonionic ones.