一维二氧化钛光阳极的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用综述

二氧化钛由于具有合适的禁带宽度、良好的光电性能、制作工艺简单等特点,目前广泛应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中。其中,大部分光阳极主要是由纳米颗粒组成,但纳米颗粒不利于电子和空穴的分离及传输、染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率的提升。因此,可采用一维纳米结构光阳极替换纳米颗粒,这有利于提升染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率。一维纳米材料具有较少的晶界,可为电荷提供通道、加速电子的传输,且能有效减少空穴/电子的复合,减少电子与染料的复合,从而提高效率。同时一维二氧化钛其较大的比表面积,不仅有利于染料吸附量增加,而且能有效提高电流密度。综述了几种一维二氧化钛制备方法的最新研究进展,分析了不同制备方法对二氧化钛光阳极的能带结构、光吸收特性、染料吸附量和电子传输过程的影响,介绍了近几年一维二氧化钛在染料敏化太阳能中的应用。最后,对一维二氧化钛在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用进行了展望。

One-dimensional TiO2 Photoanodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells:Fabrication and Applications

Titanium dioxide(TiO₂) has been widely used in dye sensitized solar cells because of its excellent band gap, good photoelectrochemical stability and simple fabrication process. The majority of the photoanode is mainly composed of nanoparticles, however, the nanoparticles are not beneficial to enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency nor to separate electron and hole transport in the dye-sensitized solar cell. Therefore, one-dimensional nanostructured photoanodes can be used to replace the nanoparticles, which will greatly enhance the power conversion efficiency. One-dimensional nanomaterial have less grain boundaries, which can accelerate the charge transport of electrons, effectively reduce the recombination of holes / electrons and absorb the dye to improve efficiency. At the same time, the larger specific surface area of one-dimensional titania is not only beneficial to the increase of dye adsorption capacity, but also can effectively improve the current density. In this paper, the latest research progress of several one-dimensional TiO₂ preparation methods are reviewed. The effects of different preparation methods on the band structure, light absorption characteristics, dye adsorption and electron transfer process are analyzed. The application of one-dimensional TiO₂ dye-sensitized solar cell in recent years are introduced. Finally, the future application of one-dimensional TiO₂ in dye-sensitized solar cells is proposed.