废食用油催化裂解产物组成研究

以废食用油为原料，在自制DY催化剂上进行催化裂解反应，并采用核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）和碳谱（13C-NMR）、气相色谱仪、色-质联用仪分析原料油和生成油的结构、组成变化。试验结果显示，废食用油催化裂解生成24.88%的气体、41.03%的汽油馏分、21.73%的柴油馏分、2.53%的重油馏分、1.03%的焦炭和8.80%的水。与原料油的核磁共振图谱不同，催化裂解生成油的1H-NMR中烯氢谱峰较弱、芳氢谱峰很强，13C-NMR中没有明显的羰基碳和甘油基碳谱峰。烃组成分析结果表明：汽油馏分中饱和烃质量分数约为53.4%，芳烃质量分数约为34.8%；柴油馏分芳烃质量分数为87.4%，其中烷基苯质量分数为43.4%；重油馏分芳烃质量分数高达98.5%，以四环芳烃居多，其质量分数为49.5%。

STUDY ON COMPOSITIONS OF CATALYTIC CRACKING PRODUCTS OF WASTE COOKING OIL

The catalytic cracking reaction of waste cooking oil was studied on self-made DY catalyst. The structure and composition of raw material and liquid products were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer techniques. The results showed that the catalytic cracking reaction produced 24.88% of gas, 41.03% of gasoline, 21.73% of diesel, 2.53% of heavy oil, 1.03% of coke and 8.80% of water. Unlike the NMR spectra of raw material, 1H-NMR spectra of liquid products displayed weak peaks of alkene hydrogen, but strong peaks of aromatic hydrogen. Meanwhile, 13C-NMR spectra of liquid products observed no obvious peaks of carbonyl carbon or glycerol-based carbon. The results of hydrocarbon group composition analysis showed that gasoline product contained 53.4% of saturation and 34.8% of aromatics; 87.4% of diesel components were aromatic hydrocarbons, and 43.4% were alkylbenzenes. The mass fraction of aromatic hydrocarbons in heavy oil reached 98.5%, in which the mass fraction of four ring aromatic hydrocarbons was about 49.5%.