交通输运等线型工程建设引起的水土流失及防治措施

交通、资源配置等运输工程，具有战线长、跨区域多、影响面大等特点，既是促进区域经济发展的基础设施，同时也是容易引发水土流失，对生态环境生产不利影响的主要建设项目。线型工程建设对环境的不利影响及造成的水土流失危害主要是：主体工程对所经区域的植被、耕地、水池、堤坝等水利水保设施的占压和破坏；因主体工程建设造成地形结构破坏，山体失稳，诱发崩塌滑坡等水土流失灾害；废弃土石挤占河道、水体影响行洪蓄水；取土采石场、施工便道造成山坡植被破坏和边坡失稳等。线型工程水土流失的防治措施：一是依法科学确定工程建设线路；二是尽量减少对原有水土保持设施的破坏；三是在铁路、公路两侧地界以内的山坡地，必须修建护坡或其它整地措施，工程竣工后，必须植树种草，防止水土流失；四是切实落实方案预算投资，搞好水土保持施工监理和水土保持工程竣工验收，做好水土流失监测工作。

The Soil Erosion by Line Type Projects and Its Control Methods

The transmit projects such as communication, resource collocation, and so on, have the characteristics of spanning the long lines, setting the more areas, and effecting the many sides. Of course, they are the foundation projects to promote regional economic development, but at the same time, they are the major construction items which easy caused the loss of soil and water, and the bad effects of the entironment. The disbennifits to the entironment and the major damages of soil and water loss include: Occupying and destroying vegetation, infields, ponds, dams and other establishments of water storage and soil conservation; Frame breakage of landform, unstable of foundation rocks, soil and stones dilapidation and landslip which caused by main project construction, and the other damages involving of soil and water conservation loss; The impact on flood control and water storage due to squeezing of watercourses or water storages that caused by abandoned soil and stones; The side slope unstable and vegetation destroyed of the hill slope caused by the constructing roads and the fields witch provide con struction material of soil and stones. The prevention and cure measures of soil and water loss caused in the construction of line type projects include as following: Fix on the foundation lines of the construction projects scientifically; Deeply reduce the destroying original measures of soil and water conservation; On the hill slopes along with the confiscation bands used for constructing railways or highways, must build slope protecting measures or other ground reinforcing measures; Be sure to fulfill invest budget for the soil and water conservation scheme.