爆破机理的回弹假说与蓄能爆破技术研究

露天爆破过程中的偶然发现,使我们对传统的预裂爆破机理产生怀疑。实验结果显示,即使没有应力波和爆炸气体的存在,也同样可以实现预裂效果。本文在三个基本假设的前提下,建立了单排孔齐发爆破两炮孔间岩石应力状态模型,提出了爆破机理的回弹假说,并依此设计了一种以缓冲孔为动力源的邻近边帮控制爆破方式——蓄能爆破。回弹假说认为,当蓄能孔刚好处于缓冲孔的回弹位移区内时,回弹位移区的岩石在主动位移区前移腾出空间后,将储存的弹性变形能释放,产生垂直于炮孔连心面上的拉力,这个拉伸力是使岩石产生裂缝的动力源。由于动力源和成缝机理各不相同,蓄能爆破是有别于预裂爆破、光面爆破的一种全新的邻近边坡控制爆破形式。

Study on the rebounding hypothesis of blasting mechanism and rebounding-off blasting

After an occasional finding in a bench blasting, we had begun to doubt all of the authoritative theory about pre-splitting blasting. By means of a series of experiments, it was proved that even the stress wave and the explosive gas ware all not existed, we also can get the splitting. To make it clear, the author expounded three basic presumes, established a model to describe the stress state of the rock in the course of exploding, and originated the rebounding-off hypothesis and a new blasting method rebounding-off blasting, in which the buffer holes were the real power source. According to the rebounding-off hypothesis, just as the rebounding holes was in the displacement district of the resilience, the rock in the displacement district of the resilience can release the storing elastic distortion energy when the rock in the Initiative displacement area moved forward, producing a pulling force perpendicular to the place connected two holes, which is the real force to produce crack. The rebounding-off blasting, different from the smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting not only in the resource of the force but also in the mechanism, was a bland new blasting method.