微碱强化超临界法制备生物柴油组分分析及工艺过程

对超临界条件下添加微量氢氧化钾催化碳酸二甲酯与棕榈油制备无甘油副产的生物柴油反应进行了研究,微碱的添加有效降低了苛刻的反应条件。利用气质联用技术对反应产物的组分进行了定性确证并建立了产物的定量分析方法。结果表明,酯交换反应的产物组分为甘油碳酸酯、脂肪酸甲酯、甘油单酯、脂肪酸甘油碳酸酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、酯油摩尔比以及催化剂添加量对酯交换反应的影响。当反应温度280℃、反应时间20 min、KOH添加量为0.1%、酯油摩尔比20:1、反应压力3.5MPa时,脂肪酸甲酯的收率可达到83.11%。

Component confirmation and process of biodiesel produced in supercritical conditions with addition of tiny KOH

Production of biodiesel without byproduct glycerol using tiny KOH as catalyst from dimethyl carbonate and palm oil in supercritical conditions was carried out.The catalyst tiny KOH increased reaction rates while less severe supercritical reaction conditions could be employed.All components of reaction product were confirmed by GC and GC-MS analysis.Effects of temperature, time, mass ratio of KOH to palm oil and mole ratio of DMC to palm oil on transesterification reaction were investigated.The optimal conditions of transesterification are temperature 280℃, time 20 min, n(DMC):n(oil)=20:1 and m(KOH):m(oil)=0.1%, and at these conditions FAME yield was 83.11%.