静电电压表校准装置中平板电极对电势分布的影响

静电电压表校准装置中的平板电极是该装置的重要组成部分,它的几何参数影响了其周围的电势分布。通过理论分析和仿真计算,分析计算了平板电极直径、形状、厚度、边缘平滑度和离地高度等因素对电势分布的影响。计算结果表明:在测试距离100 mm时,以直径为600 mm,厚度为1 mm的圆形平板电极做参考,直径增加至1 000 mm,其纵向的电势分布只增强了1. 3%;增加平板电极厚度100 mm,其纵向电势分布的增强大于5. 4%,更加趋近无限大平板电极所产生的电势分布;尺寸相当时,形状对电势分布的影响可以忽略;边缘平滑度对电势的影响可以忽略;距离地面0. 5 m会形成明显的畸变电势分布。这一结果对校准装置中平板电极的设计具有一定的参考意义。

The Influence of the Flat Electrode in the Calibration Device of Electrostatic Voltmeter on the Potential Distribution

The plate electrode is an important part of the calibration device of electrostatic voltmeter. Its geometric parameter affects the potential distribution around it. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, the influence of the diameter, shape, thickness, edge smoothness and height of the plate electrode on the electric potential distribution is analyzed and calculated. The circular plate electrode with a distance of 100mm、a diameter of 600mm and a thickness of 1mm is a reference, the calculation results show that the potential distribution on the axis increases by only 1.3% when the diameter increases to 1000mm, the potential distribution increases by more than 5.4% when the thickness of the flat electrode increases by 100mm, which is closer to the potential distribution generated by the infinite plate electrode. When the size is equal, the influence of shape on the distribution of electric potential can be neglected; the influence of edge smoothness on the distribution of electric potential can be neglected; 0.5 meters from the ground will form a distinct distortion potential distribution. The numerical calculation results can be used as a reference for the design of plate electrodes in the calibration device.