黄河下游簸箕李灌区田间灌水技术评价与改进

在簸箕李引黄灌区上、下游选择典型试验区，开展了连续2年的冬小麦-夏玉米连作种植模式下的田间灌溉试验。用模拟地面灌溉水流运动的计算机模型——SRFR对各次灌溉试验进行模拟，在标定出灌区上、下游土壤入渗参数的同时，验证了模型的模拟精度。研究对比了模型拟合、实测资料计算以及二者相结合确定田间灌水效率(Ea)和均匀度(Du)的3种方法，并依据得出的各次灌溉的Ea和Du对灌区现行地面灌水技术进行了评价。用SRFR模型对比了灌区上、下游不同畦田状况的灌水技术改进方案，提出了改进建议：上游地区平整土地，适当减小田面坡度；田间灌水效率可从目前的平均0．7提高到0．84；下游地区在平地的同时将现有大于200m的长畦改为100—140m的短畦，田间灌水效率可从目前的平均0．64提高到0．80。

Evaluation and improvement on field irrigation techniques for Bojili irrigation district on Lower Reaches of Yellow River

Two typical experiment areas were selected which represented respectively upstream and downstream conditions in the Bojili Irrigation District. Field irrigation experiments were conducted for winter-wheat and summer-maize plant mode in two consecutive years. The experiments were simulated by SRFR model that is a computer program for simulating flow movement in surface irrigation. The infiltration parameters were calibrated and the model was validated. Three methods were applied and their results were compared for determination of field application efficiency(E_a) and irrigation uniformity(D_u). Existing irrigation performance was evaluated based on calculated E_a and D_u for each irrigation cycle. Different improvement scenarios were analyzed based on the simulation results by SRFR for different conditions in the upstream and downstream of the District. Some recommendations were put forward for improving the irrigation performance. In upstream area, the application efficiency can be increased from current 0.7 to 0.84 by means of land leveling and reducing the slope of the irrigation borders. In downstream area, the E_a can be increased from current 0.64 to 0.8 by means of land leveling and cutting existing long borders from over 200m into small borders of 100m to 140m.