Wafer level system integration: a review

Highlights the major trends and issues affecting monolithic wafer-scale circuits and hybrid wafer-scale circuits, i.e. pretested chips mounted on silicon wafer circuit boards. An extensive set of references is provided to avoid repeating detailed discussions available in the cited literature. Instead, a broad overview of the objectives and motivations of the considerable work on wafer-level system components is provided. It is emphasized that wafer-scale integration provides a foundation on which future systems, perhaps including advanced semiconductor technologies for high-performance components, can achieve evolutionary increases in performance and decreases in system size.<>