氧化镁真空碳热还原法炼镁的工艺研究

采用物料失重率、金属Mg还原率、X射线衍射(XRD)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段与方法,研究了真空条件下氧化镁碳热还原温度、物料造球成型压力、物料配比、碳热还原保温时间以及催化剂对氧化镁碳热还原法炼镁工艺的影响。研究结果表明,在30~100 Pa时,碳热还原温度高于1553 K,控制物料压块压力为8 MPa,此时物料失重率最大,最有利于氧化镁的还原。随着焦煤还原剂与氧化镁摩尔比以及碳热还原时间的增加,碳热还原反应速率加大,还原率提高,但是变化效果不明显,加入氟盐CaF2后,物料失重率明显提高,添加CaF2的质量超过物料总质量的3%时,物料失重率超过95%,还原率也相应大幅提高。因此,选择适当的焦煤还原剂与氧化镁摩尔比值以及碳热还原时间,添加超过3%CaF2,将有利于该法炼镁过程的顺利进行与金属Mg还原率的提高。此研究为真空碳热法从氧化镁中提取金属Mg工艺提供了很好的实验依据。

Magnesium Extraction from Magnesia by Carbothermic Reduction in Vacuum

Magnesium metal was extracted from magnesia by carbothermic reduction in vacuum.The Mg condensates were characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.The impacts of extraction conditions,including the pressure,temperature,molar ratio,carbothermic time and content of the catalyst,compactness of magnesia grains,etc.,on the Mg reduction rate and reactant weight loss were evaluated.The results show that the newly-developed Mg vacuum extraction technique does a good job,and that the extraction conditions strongly affect the Mg extraction rate and reactant weight loss.For instance,at a temperature over 1553 K,a pressure ranging 30～100 Pa,and with the grains compressed at 8 MPa,the largest reactant weight losses were obtained,resulting in the highest Mg reduction rate.As the molar ratio of C/MgO and reaction time increased,the rates of both carbothermic reaction and Mg reduction increased slowly.Addition of CaF2 significantly increased the reactant weight loss.When CaF2 accounted for 3% of the total weight,the weight loss rate increased up to 95%,coinciding with a large Mg reduction rate.