马铃薯及耕地土壤重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价

目的 对青海大学农林科学院试验田马铃薯和其根系土壤中镉、铬、铜、铅、镍、锌的含量进行检测及评价。方法 使用石墨消解仪对样品进行前处理, 使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定马铃薯和土壤中的Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni和Zn等6种重金属含量; 采用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合指数法对重金属污染程度进行分析评价; 采用目标危险系数法(target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient, THQ/TTHQ)对马铃薯进行单一及复合重金属摄入健康风险评价。结果 该研究区土壤中6种重金属单项污染指数均小于1, 综合污染指数小于0.7, 未对土壤造成污染, 马铃薯中除了Cu和Zn污染处于安全水平, Cr和Ni污染达到轻污染水平, Cd和Pb污染达到重污染水平 , 根据富集系数(bio-concentration factor, BCF ) 发现马铃薯对Cd和Pb有一定的富集能力; 成人和儿童因食用马铃薯而摄入重金属Cu、Ni和Zn的单一健康风险指数和复合健康风险指数均大于1, 对儿童和成人存在健康风险。结论 该研究区土壤中重金属污染程度较低, 而马铃薯中重金属的残留对人体健康存在隐患。

Detection and health risk assessment of heavy mental in potato and cultivated soil

Objective The contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in potato and its root soil were detected and evaluated in the potato planting experimental field of the Qinghai University Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Methods The samples were pretreated by graphite digester, the contents of 6 kinds of heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in potato and soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The pollution degree of heavy metals was analyzed and evaluated by single factor index method and Nemero comprehensive index method. Target hazard quotient/total target hazard quotient (THQ/TTHQ) were used to evaluate the health risks of single and compound heavy metals intake of potato. Results In the study area, the single pollution index of 6 heavy metals in the soil was less than 1, and the comprehensive pollution index was less than 0.7, which did not pollute the soil. In addition to Cu and Zn pollution in potato, Cr and Ni pollution reached the light pollution level, Cd and Pb pollution reached the heavy pollution level According to the bio-concentration factor,, it is found that potato has a certain enrichment ability for Cd and Pb. The single health risk index and the compound health risk index of heavy metals ingested by adults and children due to potato consumption were both more than 1, which has health risks for children and adults. Conclusion The pollution degree of heavy metals in the soil of the study area is low, and the residue of heavy metals in potato has hidden dangers to human health.