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Energy Efficient Real-Time Task Scheduling for Embedded Systems with Hybrid Main Memory
Authors:Zhiyong Zhang  Zhiping Jia  Peng Liu  Lei Ju
Affiliation:1. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China
2. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chi Nan University, 1 DaiXue Road, Puli, Nantou, 545, Taiwan, Republic of China
Abstract:Available energy becomes a critical design issue for the increasingly complex real-time embedded systems. Phase Change Memory (PCM), with high density and low idle power, has recently been extensively studied as a promising alternative of DRAM. Hybrid PCM-DRAM main memory architecture has been proposed to leverage the low power of PCM and high speed of DRAM. In this paper, we propose energy-aware real-time task scheduling strategies for hybrid PCM-DRAM based embedded systems. Given the execution time variation when a task is loaded into PCM or DRAM, we re-design the static table-driven scheduling for a set of fixed tasks, as well as the Rate-Monotonic (RM) and Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling policies for periodic task sets. Furthermore, since the actual execution time can be much shorter than the worst-case execution time in the actual execution, we propose online schedulers which migrates the tasks between PCM and DRAM to optimize the energy consumption by utilizing the slack time resulted from the completed tasks. All the proposed algorithms minimize the number of task migrations from PCM to DRAM by ensuring that aperiodic tasks are not migrated while each periodic task instance can be migrated at most once. Experimental results show our proposed scheduling algorithms satisfy the real-time constraints and significantly reduce the energy consumption.
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