厄瓜多尔国家水资源保护规划研究

厄瓜多尔水资源丰富,但由于生活和工业污水处理设施的匮乏,石油和矿产的无序开采以及经济作物和花卉种植过程中化肥农药的大量使用,使得该国的水环境问题比较突出。为实现厄瓜多尔国家美好生活规划的目标,必需统筹规划,科学有效地对水资源实施保护。主要针对厄瓜多尔水质监测资料系统性较差、水质标准体系与中国水质标准体系存在差异以及其水资源保护体系尚不完善等现实情况,对厄瓜多尔当地的标准、中国标准和国际先进技术方法进行综合分析,提出了适用于厄瓜多尔的水资源保护规划技术方法,并在系统评价厄瓜多尔全国地表水环境现状的基础上,对不同流域存在的主要水环境问题进行识别,提出了具有针对性的水污染防控措施,明确了敏感水域的生态流量控制要求,以便为维护厄瓜多尔供水安全和生态安全、支撑经济长期平稳较快地发展和社会的和谐稳定提供保障。

Research on Ecuador's national water resources conservation plan

Due to the lack of domestic and industrial sewage treatment facilities, disordered mining of fossil oil and minerals, massive use of fertilizers in the planting of crops, flowers and plants, water environment problems are prominent in Ecuador despite of its abundant water resources. To realize the country's objective of a promising life, water resources conservation has to be planned in a coordinated and scientific manner. Insufficiency in systematic water quality monitoring data, gaps between Ecuador's current and China's water quality standard system, and imperfections in its water resources conservation system, all of which are the realities that need to be dealt with. By analyzing the local, Chinese and international standard systems, technologies and methods suitable for Ecuador's water resources conservation plan were put forward. In addition to systematic evaluation on the current state of Ecuador's surface water environment, major water problems were identified in various water basins, and water pollution prevention methods were raised accordingly; thus explicit ecological water flow controlling requirements were set for sensitive water basins, ensuring water supply safety, ecological safety, and supporting the long-term stable and rapid economic development as well as social harmony and stability.