厄瓜多尔防洪形势与防洪对策研究

厄瓜多尔地处南美洲,受特有的地形、气候条件、特别是厄尔尼诺现象影响,洪水是对该国经济社会发展影响最大的自然灾害。为缓解厄瓜多尔的洪水灾害,通过研究洪水灾害的时空分布特征,明确了各区域的防洪特点,确定了重点防洪流域为太平洋水系地区的Esmeraldas,Manabí,Guayas,Jubones和亚马逊水系的Napo和Santiago。针对这些流域普遍存在的工程措施不完善、防洪能力不足、缺乏现代化信息技术及实用的防洪预案等问题,提出了健全防洪机构组织,启动一系列工程措施和非工程措施的建议,以缓解洪水灾害。实践证明,在2017年厄尔尼诺现象出现时,与同地区的秘鲁相比,厄瓜多尔的洪水损失大大减小。

Study on flood control situation and countermeasures in Ecuador

Ecuador is located in South America, where the economy is more developed and the rainfall is abundant. Influenced by the unique terrain and climate conditions, especially El Nino, floods have been the most harmful natural disasters for Ecuador's economic and social development. In order to alleviate the flood disaster in Ecuador, this paper studies the temporal and regional distribution characteristics of flood disasters, determines the flood control countermeasures of each region, and identifies the key flood control basins including the Esmeraldas, Manabí, Guayas, Jubones in the Pacific Ocean area and the Napo, Santiago in the Amazon area. Aiming at the problems of imperfect structural facilities, deficient capacity of flood control, low level of informatization and shortage of unpractical flood control preplan etc. in these basins, we specifically put forward some suggestions such as perfecting the flood control organizations and starting up the construction of structure and non-structure measures to alleviate the flood disaster. Practice shows that the loss of flood significantly decreased in Ecuador compared with Peru in the same areas in 2017 under the El Nino event.