厄瓜多尔水资源规划中灌溉保障标准研究与应用

农业用水量一般占总用水量的比例达70%,且常常与其他经济部门用水发生冲突。如何制定合理的灌溉保障标准,既保障粮食安全,又支撑经济社会的可持续发展,是需要系统研究的问题。以厄瓜多尔全国水资源规划为例,提出了确定灌溉保证率的一般流程和方法,制定了厄瓜多尔农业"破坏"准则和灌溉保证率:(1)1a内的缺水量不超过相应需水量的20%;(2)在连续2 a中,总缺水量不超过平均年需水量的30%;(3)在连续10 a中,总缺水量不超过平均年需水量的40%,灌溉保证率标准为75%。并将计算结果与中国和西班牙保证率标准进行比较,结果表明:按照上述标准确定的厄瓜多尔灌溉保证率布置的基础设施建设投资,处于厄瓜多尔国家经济承受能力之内,也符合宪法规定的粮食自主等国家意志;中国现行国家标准对"破坏"准则的定义过于严格,且没有考虑作物的耐旱特性以及农业"非充分灌溉"等措施,而行业标准又太宽泛,难以在国外直接应用,有待进一步研究和完善。

Guarantee level of irrigation and its application in water resources planning of Ecuador

Agricultural water use generally accounts for 70% of total water use, and it often conflicts with water use in other economic sectors. As a result, it is a systematic research to determine reasonable irrigation protection standards both to ensure food security and support the sustainable development of economic society. Taking water resources planning of Ecuador as an example, this paper presents a general process and method to determine irrigation protection standards, i.e. probability of irrigation, and determines the "failure" criteria and "guarantee probability of irrigation" for Ecuador. The "failure" criteria are:①the water deficit volume cannot exceed 20% of the corresponding demand volume in one year; ② the total water deficit volume cannot exceed 30% of the annual average demand volume in continuous two years; ③the total water deficit volume cannot exceed 40% of the annual average demand volume in continuous ten years, and the probability of irrigation is 75%. In addition, the determined "failure" criteria and "guarantee probability of irrigation" for Ecuador are compared with Chinese and Spanish standards. The results show that the infrastructure construction investment according to the probability of irrigation determined by this paper is under the economic bearing capacity of Ecuador, and also meets the national will of the grain autonomy stipulated by the constitution. Meanwhile, it is found that the Chinese national standard of probability of irrigation is too strict in terms of the definition of "failure" criteria and without consideration of drought tolerance of plants and the concept of deficit irrigation, and the industry Standard is too broad so it is hard to apply directly in foreign countries and needs promotion and more research.