On fundamental tradeoffs between delay bounds and computational complexity in packet scheduling algorithms

We clarify, extend, and solve a long-standing open problem concerning the computational complexity for packet scheduling algorithms to achieve tight end-to-end delay bounds. We first focus on the difference between the time a packet finishes service in a scheduling algorithm and its virtual finish time under a GPS (General Processor Sharing) scheduler, called GPS-relative delay. We prove that, under a slightly restrictive but reasonable computational model, the lower bound computational complexity of any scheduling algorithm that guarantees O(1) GPS-relative delay bound is /spl Omega/(logn). We also discover that, surprisingly, the complexity lower bound remains the same even if the delay bound is relaxed to O(n/sup a/) for 0