Effects of insect-infested kernels on bulk flow properties of wheat |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;2. USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China;2. Department of Applied Engineering, Zhejiang Economic and Trade Polytechnic, Hangzhou, 310078, China;3. Department of Environment and Bioengineering, Nantong College of Science and Technology, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China;4. Food Science Institute, Zhenjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China;1. Graduate School of Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea;1. USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA;2. Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;1. Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India;2. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, MH, India;3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, 400076, India |
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| Abstract: | Insect damage to kernels during storage affects the processing quality of wheat and as well as bulk wheat properties, which in turn causes hopper flow problems such as funnel flow, ratholing, arching, or flushing. This study focused on kernel damage by Rhyzopertha Dominica F. (lesser grain borer), one of the most commonly found insects in wheat, and resulting changes in physical properties, such as bulk density, tapped density, true density, and angle of repose, and in flow properties, such as basic flowability energy, stability, aeration, compressibility, and permeability. Bulk and tapped densities of sound hard red winter wheat kernels and infested wheat kernels were about 720 kg/m3 and 775 kg/m3, respectively. Compressibility index (CI), Hausner ratio (HR), and angle of repose of infested wheat kernels were higher than for sound hard red winter wheat kernels, indicating decreased flowability. Grain dust and insect-infested kernels could form localized compacted areas within the grain bins, resulting in uneven flow during discharge. Results from this study indicate that the presence of insect-infested kernels could lead to arching and bridge formation in grain bins, thus affecting the flow characteristics of bulk wheat. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat Insect infestation Physical properties Flow properties |
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