含氟两亲性聚合物刷构筑及防污应用研究进展

表面接枝聚合物刷是一种改善表面理化性质,防止蛋白质等生物大分子和其他污损生物吸附的有效方法。含氟聚合物由于其强疏水性、低表面能和低表面粘附力等特点,是构建两亲性聚合物刷的理想组分之一。本文概述了含氟两亲性聚合物刷的构筑方法、种类和防污机理,着重介绍了该类涂层在抗蛋白、抗菌、藻类以及其他污损生物吸附方面的最新研究成果,详细分析了含氟两亲性聚合物刷化学组成、表面重构和弹性模量等因素对微相分离行为以及防污性能的影响规律。亲疏水组分比例会对涂层的相分离行为产生影响,改变亲疏水组分比例可以形成不同尺度、不同形貌的相分离结构,进而影响涂层的防污性能。亲疏水组分的连接方式会影响涂层表面的重构行为,实现涂层亲疏水性能的转变,进而实现调控涂层表面的防污行为。从分子设计层面初步揭示了含氟两亲性聚合物刷的防污机理。最后指出构筑新型的多种防污机制协同作用的多功能化含氟两亲性聚合物刷,是未来两亲性聚合物涂层的主要发展方向。

Development and Application of Antifouling Coatings Based on Fluorinated Amphiphilic Polymer Brushes

Surface grafted polymer brush is an effective method of improving surface physicochemical property and preventing adsorption of biomacromolecules including protein as well as other fouling organisms. Fluoropolymer is an ideal constituent forming amphiphilic polymer brush due to its strong hydrophobicity, low surface energy and low surface adhesive force. Forming method, category and antifouling mechanism of fluorine-containing amphiphilic polymer brush were overviewed, latest research results of this coating in anti-protein, germ, alga and other fouling organisms were introduced emphatically. Effects of such factors as chemical composition, surface reconstruction and elasticity modulus of the brush on microphase separation behavior and antifouling property were analyzed in detail. Ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic constituents had certain effects on phase separation behavior of the coating. Phase separation structures in different size and morphology might take shape by changing ratio of hydrophilic and hydrophobic constituents, antifouling property of the coating was further affected. Connection mode of hydrophilic and hydrophobic constituents might affect reconstruction behavior of the coating surface, transform the hydrophilic and hydrophobic constituents, and control antifouling behavior of the coating surface. Antifouling mechanism of the fluorine-containing amphiphilic polymer brush was preliminarily revealed from the aspect of molecular design. Finally, it was pointed out that developing multifunctional fluorine-containing amphiphilic polymer brush featuring in several synergistic antifouling mechanisms would be major development trend of amphiphilic polymer coating in the future.