水体环境中的放射性污染及测量

随着我国核能和核技术应用事业的不断发展,水体环境受到了放射性污染的威胁,尤其是2011年日本福岛核事故发生后,水体环境放射性污染问题备受公众关注,因此,有必要开展水体环境放射性测量技术研究。本文介绍了水体环境中放射性污染来源、核素种类及其测量方法,包括实验室采样分析法、拖曳式水下γ谱测量系统、走航式γ测量系统、浮标定点式γ测量系统,讨论了水体放射性测量技术的发展趋势。

Radioactive Pollution in Water Environment and Its Measurement

With the development of nuclear energy and the application of nuclear technology,the water environ?ment is threatened by radioactive pollution.Especially after the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in Japan in 2011,the radioactive pollution of water environment has attracted public concern.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out research on water environment radioactivity measurement technology.In this paper,the sources of radioactive contamination,the types of radionuclides in water environment and their measure?ment methods are introduced,including laboratory sampling analysis,towed underwaterγspectrum measure?ment system,underwayγradioactive detecting system,and float-typeγradioactive detecting system.Finally,the development trend of the monitoring water radioactivity is discussed.