废弃矿山地下空间开发利用典型模式探究

废弃矿山即矿业废弃地,也是一种占用土地资源和对环境、经济、社会有潜在利用价值的棕地。目前国内外学者大多关注露天矿,忽略了矿山地下空间的开发利用。然而,废弃矿山地下空间是宝贵的人造空间,应当打破传统的开发模式,重新激活生命周期。因此,笔者梳理了我国废弃矿山地下空间开发的现状,以欧洲代表国家捷克为例,根据该国石灰石矿-Amerika采石场群、铁矿-Skalka博物馆、金矿-Josef地下廊道、铀矿-Bukov地下廊道4个案例,分析了可借鉴的经验教训和较好的应用前景,总结出两类4种主要开发模式,结合我国开发现状展开深入讨论,为我国废弃矿山地下空间开发与利用提供经验范式。

Study on the Renewal of Underground Space in Abandoned Mines: Development Paradigms towards Sustainability

Abandoned mines, also known as Abandoned Mine Land (AML), are brownfields that occupy land area, possessing latent value to the environment, economy and society. Currently, scholars around the world largely view it from the perspective of open pit mines, but rarely consider the underground space in abandoned mines. Nevertheless, it is precious man-made space that should be treated with new insights to reactivate it in the last stage of life cycle. Therefore, the author reviewed the status quo of the development of underground space in abandoned mines in China, and selected the European exemplary country Czech Republic, to yield sound lessons and achievable visions, namely the limestone mine-Amerika quarry system, iron mine-Skalka mine museum, gold mine-Josef URL, uranium mine-Bukov URL. Finally, the author summarized four development modes which fell into two categories, namely tourism and deep research facilities, therein various case studies at home and abroad were discussed thoroughly based on China’s recent development strategies, to shed some light on R & D of abandoned mines in China.