岩石力学数值模拟方法用于采矿工程的技术经济探讨与教学实践

结合采矿工程特点以及岩石力学数值模拟方法的发展现状,分别从技术、经济与人才培养三个方面对数值模拟方法在采矿工程中的应用问题展开探讨。采矿工程在力学背景、工程稳定性要求及价值目标等方面均有别于其他岩石工程,这对其选择何种方法解决生产过程中遇到的岩石力学问题有显著影响,突出表现为成本的敏感性。由于模型误差、参数选择误差和监测数据反演误差等系统性误差的客观存在性,这导致数值模拟方法在预测岩石力学问题的精确度(可靠性)方面存在着发展的"上限"。而采矿工程中的岩石力学问题对计算及预测精确度的需求存在"下限",因此,只要保证数值模拟方法预测的精确度"上限"达到采矿工程需要的"下限"即是其成功的应用。岩石力学数值模拟方法预测的精确度与成本投入之间存在一定的正相关关系,机会成本及决策风险控制因素对矿山企业应用岩石力学数值模拟方法的效果有重要影响。此外,高等院校在采矿工程人才培养方面加强岩石力学教育,为矿山企业输送具有较高岩石力学素质的采矿工程师,将是引领矿业技术进步的重要组成部分。

Technical and economic analysis and teaching practice about the numerical modelling method of rock mechanics applied in mining engineering

Considering both the characteristics of mining engineering and the development status of numerical modelling method of rock mechanics, the issue of numerical modelling method of rock mechanics applied in mining engineering has been discussed in three areas: technology, economy and talent cultivation. Mining engineering is different from other rock engineering in mechanical background, engineering stability requirement and value goals, which has a significant impact on what kind of method to be chosen to solve the rock mechanics problems in the process of mining production, especially concerning about the sensitivity of the cost. For the reason of the objective existence of systematic errors, including the model errors, parameter errors, and error in retrieval of monitoring data, etc., as a consequence, the development of accuracy (reliability) of the numerical modelling method in solving the of rock mechanics problems exists the "upper limit". Meanwhile, the accuracy requirements of mining engineering exists the "lower limit" when the numerical modelling method was used. Therefore, it is a successful application as long as the "upper limit" of numerical modelling catch up with the "lower limit" of engineering requirements. And the accuracy of the numerical modelling method of rock mechanics has a certain positive correlation relationship with the costs, both the opportunity cost factors and the decision-making risk control factors of mining enterprises have an important effect on the application of the numerical modelling method of rock mechanics in mining engineering. In addition, in the aspect of talents cultivation of mining engineering in institutions of higher education, numerical modelling method of rock mechanics should be strengthened, which is helpful for improving the teaching quality in mining engineering and to advancing the development of mining technology.