“双碳”目标下行业能源责任碳排放测算与分析

识别碳减排关键部门和领域，为“双碳”目标实施提供经验借鉴，从能源供给侧视角，基于电热分摊原则，对2005—2019年中国能源消费直接碳排放和责任碳排放进行测算，并比较两者动态变化趋势和差异性。结果表明：首先，中国能源消费量具有一定的刚性，能源结构优化效果明显，碳排放量处于高位平台期，碳达峰可期，碳中和任重道远。其次，各行业直接碳排放与责任碳排放存在较大的差异性，碳减排的重点部门已经发生变化。提出了妥善处理碳达峰、碳中和的关系、提倡低碳生产生活模式、从能源供给侧和需求侧促进能源结构优化、明确各行业能源碳排放核算口径等启示和建议。

Calculation and Analysis of Sectors Responsible Carbon Emissions under the Carbon Peak and Neutralization Target

In order to identify the key sectors and fields of carbon emission reduction, and provide evidences for the implementation of the carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals, the direct carbon emissions and responsible carbon emissions of China"s energy consumption from 2005 to 2019 were calculated from the perspective of energy provide side and based on the principle of electric heating allocation. The dynamic change trends and differences between them were compared. The results show that: firstly, China"s energy consumption has a certain degree of rigidity, the effect of energy structure optimization is obvious, and the carbon emission is in the high platform stage, the carbon peak can be reached, but the carbon neutralization has a long way to go. Secondly, there are great differences between direct carbon emissions and responsible carbon emissions of various industries, and the key departments of carbon emission reduction have changed. It also puts forward enlightenment and suggestions on properly handling the relationship between carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, advocating a low-carbon production and living mode, promoting the optimization of energy structure from the energy supply side and the demand side, clarifying the accounting scope of energy carbon emissions of various industries, so as to objectively reflect the carbon emissions of various industries and strengthen responsible carbon emissions.