Profiling of Phytosterols, Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Selected Seed Oils from Botswana by GC–MS and HPLC |
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Authors: | Y C Mitei J C Ngila S O Yeboah L Wessjohann J Schmidt |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya;(2) Chemistry Department, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban, South Africa;(3) Chemistry Department, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana;(4) Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany |
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Abstract: | The phytosterol, tocopherol, and tocotrienol profiles for mkukubuyo, Sterculia africana, manketti, Ricinodendron rautanenni, mokolwane, Hyphaene petersiana, morama, Tylosema esculentum, and moretologa-kgomo, Ximenia caffra, seed oils from Botswana have been determined. Normal-phase HPLC analysis of the unsaponifiable matter showed that among the
selected oils, the most abundant tocopherol and tocotrienol were γ-tocopherol (2232.99 μg/g) and γ-tocotrienol (246.19 μg/g),
detected in manketti and mkukubuyo, respectively. Mokolwane oil, however, contained the largest total tocotrienol (258.47 μg/g).
Total tocol contents found in manketti, mokolwane, mkukubuyo, morama, and moretologa-kgomo oils were 2238.60, 262.40, 246.20,
199.10, and 128.0 μg/g, respectively. GC–MS determination of the relative percentage composition of phytosterols showed 4-desmethylsterols
as the most abundant phytosterols in the oils, by occurring up to 90% in moretologa-kgomo, mkukubuyo, and manketti seed oils,
with β-sitosterol being the most abundant. Mokolwane seed oil contained the largest percentage composition of 4,4-dimethylsterols
(45.93%). Besides 4-desmethylsterols (75%), morama oil also contained significant amounts of 4,4-dimethylsterols and 4-monomethylsterols
(15.72% total). GC–MS determination of the absolute amounts of 4-desmethylsterols, after SPE fractionation of the unsaponifiable
matter, confirmed that β-sitosterol was the most abundant phytosterol in the test seed oils, with manketti seed oil being
the richest source (1326.74 μg/g). The analysis showed total 4-desmethylsterols content as 1617.41, 1291.88, 861.47, 149.15,
and 109.11 μg/g for manketti, mokolwane, mkukubuyo, morama, and moretologa-kgomo seed oils, respectively. |
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Keywords: | GC– MS HPLC Phytosterol Tocopherol and tocotrienol profiles 4-Desmethylsterols 4 4-Dimethylsterols 4-Monomethylsterols Mkukubuyo Manketti Mokolwane Morama Moretologa-kgomo |
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