黄河数字流域模型

黄河数字流域模型是“数字黄河”的重要组成部分,可以理解为“数字流域 流域水沙、水质模型”。文中在数字流域模型框架下,以坡面为基本单元,建立具有多层结构的产流模型;在坡面产流的基础上,建立坡面产沙数学模型。进而以流域分级理论为依据,将坡面、小流域、区域、全流域四个层次的模型整合成一个完整的流域整体模型。文中提出了不同层次模型之间的联系途径和整合方法,探讨了模型框架、参数提取、模型计算原理方面的技术问题。应用建立的模型,给出了四个计算实例:黄河全流域水量计算、小花间汛期洪水模拟、多沙粗沙区产沙计算和岔巴沟淤地坝规划。实践表明:建立的模型基本具备了在黄河全流域进行降雨—径流模拟、侵蚀产沙计算和进行淤地坝规划的功能,辅以降雨预报模块则可进行洪水预报。

The digital watershed model for the Yellow River basin

The digital watershed model of Yellow River is the main part of the "Digital Yellow River" Project,which has two parts: the digital watershed and the hydrological & pollutant models.Under the former constructed framework,the digital watershed model of Yellow River is developed based on the hillslope unit,which consists of six layers: the canopy storage,the snow storage,the surface storage,the top-soil storage,the middle-soil storage and the deep-soil storage.In addition,a soil-erosion formulation is proposed for sediment yield simulation.The suggested model has four kinds of module,which are slope module,sub-basin module,region module and entire basin module.This essay describes the framework of the model and the method to combine the four kinds of module into a comprehensive one.And also it studies some technique problems,such as how to obtain the parameters' value from remote sensing image,the calculation principle of the model.The model is applied in four cases: the computation of the water resources in the Yellow River basin, the rain-runoff simulation in Xiaolangdi-Huayuankou area,the soil-erosion simulation in the sandy and grit area in the Loess Plateau,the check-dams planning in the Chabagou catchment.The well-fitted results indicate that the model would have a good prospect in application in the future.