Effect of humidity during manufacturing on the interfacial strength of non-pre-dried flax fibre/unsaturated polyester composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;2. Unit Matter, Campus GROUP T – KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;3. Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;4. AkzoNobel Polymer Chemistry, Deventer, The Netherlands;1. LAUM – Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France;2. ESTACA’Lab – Pôle Mécanique des Matériaux Composites et Environnement, Parc Universitaire Laval-Changé, Rue Georges Charpak, BP-76121, 53061 Laval Cedex 9, France;3. LAMPA – Laboratoire Angevin de Mécanique Procédés et innovAtion, Arts et Métiers ParisTech Campus Angers 2, Boulevard du Ronceray, 49 035 Angers Cedex 01, France;1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;2. Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. KU Leuven – Department of Materials Engineering, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 – bus 2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium;2. McGill University – Department of Mechanical Engineering, 817 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A0C3, Canada;1. Laboratory of Mechanics and Eco-Materials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Canada;2. Laboratory of Mechanics and Eco-Materials, Mechanical Engineering Department, Université du Quebec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Canada;1. Laboratory of Engineering and Material Sciences (LISM, EA4596), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, IUT de Troyes, 9 rue de Québec, 10026 Troyes Cedex, France;2. Laboratory of Engineering and Material Sciences (LISM, EA4596), University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR SEN, Moulin de la Housse, BP1039, 51687 Reims, France;3. Laboratory of Mechanical System and Simultaneous Engineering, University of Technology of Troyes, UMR CNRS 6281, 12 Rue Marie Curie, 10004 Troyes, France |
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| Abstract: | The influence of moisture content in the environment during manufacture of a novel cobalt-free UP matrix reinforced with flax fibres, on the fibre–matrix adhesion was studied. Flax surface energy was experimentally determined by measuring contact angles on technical fibres, using the Wilhelmy technique and the acid–base theory. The mechanical strength of the interface under different humidity conditions was characterized by the critical local value of interfacial shear stress, τd, at the moment of crack initiation, which was assessed by single-fibre pull-out tests. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis gave further insight into the topic. The results suggest that the effect of humidity during manufacturing on the composite interface might be limited. However, longitudinal composite strength decreased somewhat for composites produced in humid conditions, showing that there is some detrimental effect of high levels of moisture during cure on the fibre mechanical performance, likely caused by some fibre degradation. |
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| Keywords: | A. Natural-fibres B. Interface/interphase B. Cure behaviour C. Micro-mechanics |
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