建筑工业化视角下的高层住宅立面自动生成

揭示系统化集成设计在新型建筑工业化背景下的重要作用,以高层住宅这一类型为例探索立面生成技术路径。从信息整合、生成方法、工具实现三个方面展开研究,提出层级式描述方法梳理数据信息,研究立面构成类型,基于内部功能建立平、立面之间的映射关系并编码转化。基于Java和Revit平台,通过主从式架构开发面向建筑师的生成设计工具,可实现依据输入平面生成不同风格的立面模型,并集成相关指标及下游生产建造数据。系统化集成设计方法整合各环节信息,构建与建筑物质化实现过程对应的数字链,有利于推动设计—建造一体化。

Automatic Generation of High-rise Residential Facades from the Perspective of Building Industrialisation

With the development of information technology, the focus of the industry is gradually shifting to new building industrialisation, with new requirements for the integration and sharing of building information. This study intends to reveal the important role of systematic integrated design in this context, taking the high-rise residential building type as an example and using digital methods to establish a highly integrated information management system at the design stage. There is also a discussion of the technological path of facade generation and strategies of tool implementation.　　The research was carried out in three stages - information integration, generative method and tool implementation. Aiming for high-level semantic information in architectural problems, a hierarchical description method was introduced and the data coded top-down in four levels - volume, standard layer, bay and component, including 3D geometric primitives, component attributes and topological relations. Type research was conducted on facade composition, taking three typical organization modes as examples to extract geometric features and combination rules. A mapping relationship between plans and facades was established based on internal functions and converted into a series of predefined rule sets to explore a rule-based facade generative method and output relevant indicator data in real time. An architect-oriented tool architecture was proposed with the Revit secondary development add-in as the front end and Java as the back-end server. This meant the generative tool could be embedded into the architect's workflow smoothly to optimize building information management and promote data integration and the application of systematic integrated design.　　Developing the generative design tool through C/S architecture allowed connection and information exchange with the upstream and downstream data forms. The Revit add-in processes plan information, collects user input parameters and sends a request to the server; the server responds and returns the result after the operation is completed; the client parses the data stream and downloads corresponding Revit Family files from the component library and finally completes the modelling in the local document and the calculations of related indicator data. The tool can generate different styles of Revit facade models according to the input plans and the generated results are editable with structured data and integrate model information (e.g., length, area, etc.), performance indicators (e.g., body shape coefficient, window-wall ratio, etc.) and some downstream data on production and construction (e.g., specifications and quantities of components, etc.) that can assist architects in overall designing.　　Relying on digital technology, the systematic integrated design method integrates the information on all aspects of building production and extracts rules from design paradigms by encoding architectural semantic information. It transforms design intuition and experience into standardized processes and standardized construction and production systems into sharing digital assets. It can also build a digital chain corresponding to the building materialization, which is conducive to promoting a system of standardized design, automatic production and assembly construction, making production and construction controllable. At present, the degree of informatization in the construction industry is still low. The implementation of industrialisation-oriented generative tools requires the cooperation and communication of upstream and downstream stages to realize the information sharing and data continuity of projects. Under the guidance of industrialised thinking, architects can strengthen the control of the production and construction stages through systematic integrated design in the early stage and provide a good data foundation for the downstream industrial chain.