人群活动导向的老城区公服设施供给模式研究

在我国城镇化转向注重质量发展背景下，传统公服设施配置思路已难以适应居民多元化需求，尤其在用地紧张的老城区，公服设施需求与供给的矛盾十分突出。以广州越秀老城区为例，基于公服设施POI数据和步行轨迹大数据解析老城区现有公服设施存在问题，同时结合对越秀区梅花街道86位居民的访谈调研，以不同人群活动特征为出发点，通过测度设施布局与人群活动轨迹特征，提出有别于新区的老城公服设施优化策略。研究表明：现有相关设施配置标准更多是解决“有”与“无”的问题，而忽视设施实际设施使用效果；老城区设施规划应区别新区集中式设施服务中心，结合不同人群生活需求和出行特征，以点状分散、路径串联的模式优化设施布局，可以一定程度上改变老城区发展困境。

People Activity-Oriented Supply Mode of Public Service Facilities in Old Urban Areas

China's urban development is shifting from economic growth and expansion to connotation improvement. In this context, high-quality urban life and public services become the core drivers for improved quality of urbanization. Despite this, cities focus on long-term improvement of human settlement environmental quality. Due to the insufficient attention to public services, most cities are facing increasingly prominent problems, such as incomplete categories, uneven distribution, and public service facilities that are difficult to use. In particular, the contradiction between the supply and demand of public service facilities is prominent in old urban areas with land shortages. Moreover, the traditional configuration for public service facilities is difficult to adapt to the diversified demands of contemporary urban residents. In this study, an analysis database of public service facilities in the old urban area of Yuexiu District in Guangzhou was established based on POI data of public services and big data of walking tracks. Existing problems with public service facilities in the study area were recognized by analyzing the matching relationship between the distribution characteristics of public service facilities and the walking tracks of different groups. Subsequently, spatial-temporal laws, facility usage preference, and spatial needs of daily activities of different age groups were analyzed by combining survey questionnaires completed by 86 residents on Meihua Street, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou. In the context of limited space in old urban areas, reasonability and optimization paths for facility layout in areas with available land are discussed from the perspective of user demands for public service facilities. In the existing system of perfect community and community life cycle, a public service facility supply model in the old urban areas was different from that in the new urban areas. Moreover, the high-quality balanced public service facility system of  "one map and two tables" was formed which adapts to peoples' demands and has high scientific efficiency. Results demonstrated that: (1) There are many problems in existing public service facilities in old urban areas of Yuexiu District, such as insufficient energy efficiency, mismatches between facility supply and population size, maladaptation between facility layout and population structure, low correlation between facility layout and peoples' demands, and so on. (2) Existing standards in public service facility layout focus on solving the problem of "availability" and "absence" while ignoring the practical usage effects of facilities. Refining existing configuration standards for community public service facilities is suggested, with consideration for the diverse demands of different user groups. (3) To solve the insufficient service efficiency of facilities in old urban area, it is suggested to add improvement-focused and personalized public service facilities with consideration for the facility preferences of different groups (children, teenagers, and the elderly) in order to improve facilities' refined urban management and service efficiency while promoting integration of different groups. (4) To counter insufficient land supply in old urban areas, the public facility supply model should be different from the concentrated facility supply in new districts. Determined by combining the intention, distance, and activity tracks of different groups, the public service facility layout should be refined via dotted inserting and linear serial connections. Moreover, it is suggested to establish supply modes of "children-friendly", "care for the elderly", and "enjoyment of middle age", developed from "life cycle" to "life radius", and improve effective supply of public service facilities in old urban areas. Public service facility layout in old urban areas is influenced by many factors. With considerations for the demands of different groups, this study proposed the optimized supply model under ideal planning. Due to the complexity in implementation of plans and limitations of the author's experiences, future studies are expected to provide references in updating public service facility combinations in old urban areas by integrating more practical project practices.