空间句法视角下传统村镇公共空间使用后评价

乡村振兴战略在2017年党的“十九大”报告中被正式提出后，作为该战略的一个重要环节，传统村镇的保护利用受到中国学界及社会的高度重视。尽管目前已有许多中国传统村镇完成了改造实践，但学界对其使用后的绩效评价的研究却相对匮乏。通过引入城市形态分析领域前沿的空间句法理论技术，结合AHP-模糊综合法等分析方法从定量化的角度构建传统村镇使用后评价体系，并根据评价结果的反馈信息对传统村镇的改造提出相应的策略。研究发现：（1）以广州市沙湾古镇这一典型的传统村镇作为研究案例，提出的传统村镇公共空间使用后评价体系具有适用性和可推广性；（2）2010~2020年间沙湾古镇的高整合度网络形成“十字”格局，路网可达性和交通承载力在改造后均有一定程度提升；（3）沙湾古镇公共空间在文化性建设方面位于“良好”层级，功能性评价与经济社会效应位于“中等”层级。最后，从优化古镇空间布局、提升使用者满意度，以及积极开展文化活动三个方面，构造传统村镇公共空间保护更新框架，以期为重塑乡村形象、延续地域文脉提供科学参考。

Post-use Evaluation of Public Space in Traditional Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Space Syntax

After the Rural Revitalisation Strategy was formally put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 2017, the protection and utilisation of traditional villages and towns have attracted attention from China’s academic circle and society as important for the strategy. Although many Chinese traditional villages and towns have been reconstructed successfully, there are still rare academic studies on the post-use performance evaluation. It is a challenge that has to be solved urgently for current academic studies on traditional village protection and updating to develop village renovation techniques to provide a suitable living environment and protect traditional regional characteristics. Therefore, a systematic study on traditional village protection in China based on demonstration areas has important academic and practical significance in implementing the rural revitalisation strategy and promoting overall urban-rural development. A post-use quantitative evaluation system of traditional villages and towns was established in the present study by introducing the leading space syntax theoretical technology in the field of urban morphological analysis and combining with the AHP-fuzzy comprehensive method, combining existing qualitative and quantitative analysis means. Moreover, reconstruction strategies of traditional villages and towns were proposed according to feedback information from evaluation results. Results showed that (1) according to a case study based on typical traditional villages and towns in Shawan Ancient Town in Guangzhou City, the post-use evaluation system of public space in traditional villages and towns has applicability and generalisability. (2) From 2010 to 2020, the highly integrated network of Shawan Ancient Town formed a 'cross' pattern. The accessibility and traffic capacity of the road network improved to a certain extent after renovation. (3) Public space in Shawan Ancient Town is 'good' concerning cultural construction, while the functional evaluation and economic, social effect are 'moderate'. Finally, a public space protection and renewal framework of traditional villages and towns was established from the perspectives of an optimised spatial layout of ancient towns, improving users' satisfaction and holding cultural activities positively. This study is expected to provide scientific references to rebuild rural images and inherit regional context.