基于CiteSpace的国内乡村公共空间研究综述

随着国家乡村振兴战略的稳步推进,乡村建设逐渐成为发展的关键领域,公共空间作为乡村的重要组成部分,随之受到广泛的关注。以1996~2021年CNKI国内乡村公共空间研究文献为检索源,采用CiteSpace软件生成科学知识图谱,分析研究的热点与趋势。在此基础上,将现有研究按照综合性与专题性展开文献述评。研究发现：（1）近20年乡村公共空间的研究集中在空间的形态特征、保护更新、演变重构等方面,多学科研究为其提供了广阔的视角;（2）近年来乡村公共空间研究发生物质-社会-文化转向,需关注其文化属性的挖掘,尤其是非物质文化在公共空间中的呈现方式与保护利用模式;（3）乡村公共空间的分类方式多样,类别之间存在交叉重复问题,应明晰类别之间的相互关系,把握基于生产-生活-生态的复合化类型与特征;（4）在新时代快速发展背景下,创新产业与乡村发展密切相关,需进一步更新乡村公共空间的传播和利用方式,发掘其新型价值;（5）乡村公共空间重构聚焦于物质空间的建设与传统文化的保护传承,需注重结合乡村产业发展与城乡融合,构建具有地域性特征的“功能-文化-空间-机制”的重构路径。未来应搭建多学科平台,结合应用性理论探索新视角,同时运用定性定量多种研究方法,综合探索乡村公共空间研究的理论方法与体系。

Research Review of Rural Public Space in China based on CiteSpace

With the steady progress in China's rural revitalization strategy, rural construction is gradually becoming a key development field. As an important component of rural areas, public space thereby attracts wide attention. By examining research on rural public spaces in China from the Chinese National Knowledge Internet during 1996~2021, a map of scientific knowledge was generated using the CiteSpace software program to analyze research hotspots and trends. This can provide references for follow-up studies. Some conclusions could be drawn by analyzing the knowledge graph: (1) Rural public spaces are clustering points of rural problems. Multidimensional study of rural public spaces is beneficial for implementing rural development policies and rural revitalization strategies. (2) There is much research on rural public space in the fields of sociology, geography, tourism science, and architecture. This interdisciplinary research provides new perspectives. (3) Research on rural public spaces in the last 20 years has concentrated mainly on the form, evolution, updating, and reconstruction of spaces. On that basis, existing studies were summarized in two categories: comprehensive studies from the multidisciplinary perspective and studies on specific topics (e.g., type and characteristics, value and evaluation, evolution and reconstruction) from a literature review. This study found the following: (1) Sociology has deeply explored the influences of public space on rural society and its effects on its composition. Geography has done quantitative and qualitative studies at the settlement level. Tourism has emphasized the integration and interaction of the tourism industry with rural society, culture, and spatial development. Architecture has emphasized the properties of material space and analyzed practices at the form level. All disciplines have focused on correlations of the external characterization space with internal evolutionary processes and incentive mechanisms. However, there is a lack of studies on the comprehensive development of rural public spaces. In the future, deep discussions from interdisciplinary perspectives are required. (2) Material-society-culture conversions in rural public spaces have been discussed in recent years. Close attention must be paid to exploring cultural properties, especially the characterization forms of intangible culture in public spaces and the protective use model. (3) There are diverse classification methods for rural public spaces. The intersections among different classes and the interaction among those classes remain to be determined. The composite classes and characteristics based on the production-life ecology should be mastered. (4) Rural public space is endowed with multiple values. In the context of the rapid development of a new era, innovative industries like live Internet broadcasts and homestay tourism are closely related to rural revitalization. How to update the propagation and use modes of rural public spaces and explore new values of those spaces are topics worthy of deep study. Based on the existing evaluation mode, that study must consider the natural environment's collaborative influences, urban-rural interactions, and social culture and policy systems, and establish a systematic evaluation index system. (5) Reconstruction contents of rural public spaces focus on constructing material spaces and protecting inherited traditional culture. Attention should be paid to constructing a functional culture-space mechanism reconstruction path with regional characteristics by combining rural resource use, industrial development, and urban-rural integration. Future researchers should build a multidisciplinary platform and establish a theoretical system for comprehensive studies. Combined with the modern production and lifestyle of rural public spaces, this empirical study promotes application development theory and explores new research perspectives. Integrating multiple research methods, including quantitative and qualitative analyses, achieved research rewards.