考虑需求价格弹性的销售电价帕累托优化折扣

针对中国目前用电市场的电力供应形式以及定价机制，研究考虑电力需求价格弹性的条件下，多买方和单一卖方组成的电力供应链中制定电价折扣的问题。由于用电需求具有一定的价格弹性，所以合理的价格折扣可以协调买卖双方的利益。提出采用帕累托（Pareto）优化理论，综合考虑买卖双方的帕累托改进的实现，建立电价折扣模型。由于用电市场中卖方是供应链上的领导者，卖方能够掌握电力用户的需求变化信息，因此电价折扣模型中，帕累托意义下的最优价格折扣问题可转化为求解卖方利润最大化问题，同时综合考虑价格折扣对买方效用（即满足程度）的影响。最后，采用实际算例分析了电价折扣模型中的帕累托优化改进的实现，验证了模型的应用效果。

PARETO OPTIMIZATION ON ELECTRICITY PRICE DISCOUNT CONSIDERING DEMAND PRICE ELASTICITY

The electricity price discount policy is discussed under the condition of power demand with price elasticity in power supply chain. Based on the current power supply and pricing condition, multi-sellers and single-buyer supply chain is considered. A reasonable electricity price discount is used to balance the benefits between buyers and sellers for the existing of power demand price elasticity. An electricity discount-pricing model is established using Pareto optimization theory to realize both sides of the Pareto improvement of buyer and seller. The venders that act as leaders of power supply chain know all information about buyer. Thus the problem of Pareto optimal price discount could be changed into developing a vender's profit maximization model, which simultaneously considers the price discount's effect on buyer's utility. In the end, an example is given to validate the proposed pricing model.