基于激光点云的隧道超欠挖自动计算方法研究

在隧道施工中,对隧道的超欠挖情况进行快速、准确的评估是保障施工安全、顺利的基础。以一段爆破施工隧道为研究对象,应用三维激光扫描仪进行隧道开挖轮廓数据采集得到点云数据,采用基于统计的滤波法对点云数据进行预处理,通过基于移动最小二乘优化的主成分分析法计算隧道轴向线,再根据所得隧道轴线计算点云切片的直方图,最后使用直方图计算隧道超欠挖方量,建立了一种简便易行的隧道超欠挖方量计算模型,并将该模型应用于一段施工隧道的超欠挖评估中。结果表明,应用该模型计算隧道超欠挖方量较传统方法更为高效,且计算精度满足实际工程要求。

Research on automatic calculation method of tunnel over-under excavation based on point clouds

In the actual tunnel construction,the rapid and accurate assessment of the over-under excavation of the tunnel is the foundation to ensure the safety and smooth construction.A blasting tunnel is taken as the obj ect of study,the data of tunnel excavation are acquired by using 3D laser scanner.The cloud data are pretreated by Statistical Outlier Removal.The axial line of the tunnel is calculated by using the principal component analysis(PCA)method based on moving least square(MLS).Then the histogram of the cloud slice is calculated according to the tunnel axis.The final calculation of tunnel over-under excavation volume using histogram.A simple calculation model of tunnel over-under excavation was constructed and applied to the evaluation of over-under excavation of a construction tunnel.The calculation results show that the tunnel over-under excavation volume is more efficient than the traditional method for the application of the model and the calculation accuracy can meet the practical engineering requirements.