黑色素瘤免疫治疗的研究现状与展望

黑色素瘤是临床上常见的皮肤恶性肿瘤，发病率呈逐年上升趋势，且恶性程度高，易发生转移。靶向治疗和免疫治疗出现之前，晚期黑色素瘤患者的预后极差，5年生存率仅仅不到10%。与传统治疗相比，免疫治疗可延长晚期黑色素瘤患者的无进展生存期和总体生存期，并改善患者的生活质量。尽管在临床治疗过程，常出现各种免疫相关的药物不良反应，但大部分可通过适当的免疫调节剂予以控制。随着免疫治疗在临床上得到一定的重视，也进一步发现其局限性，患者有免疫治疗耐药或者不敏感等问题，这提示多种治疗方法联合应用可能为临床带来更大的效益。为此，本文对免疫治疗在临床上用于黑色素瘤治疗的效果与局限性进行综述。

Research progress and prospect of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive and potentially fatal skin cancer which is prone to distant metastasis and spread. Before the advent of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma is extremely poor, with a 5-year survival rate less than 10%. Compared with traditional treatment, immunotherapy can prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with advanced melanoma and improve patients' life quality. Although immune-related adverse reactions occur during clinical treatment, most of them could be controlled by giving appropriate immunomodulators. As immunotherapy has received certain attention in clinical, its limitations have also been discovered. Patients have been found to resist or insensitive to immunotherapy, suggesting that the combination therapy may bring greater benefits to clinical treatment. This paper summarized the current the progress and limitations of immunotherapy in clinic for cutaneous melanoma.