新风量对主控室可居留性的影响分析及优化

主控室是对核电厂正常运行和事故状态实施控制的重要场所,应当采取适当措施和提供足够的信息保护室内的工作人员。就核事故而言,目前的可居留性评价通常考虑相对固定的新风量,没有考虑非过滤渗入途径与新风量的相互影响和制约。本文首先对主控室内人员受照剂量的计算方法进行了讨论,分别分析了事故源项以惰性气体为主、以气溶胶和碘为主以及两者并存时人员受照剂量随新风量的变化。在此基础上结合典型的主控室设计参数和LOCA事故源项,对主控室可居留性系统的新风量进行了敏感性分析,尝试确定最优新风量。此外分析了非过滤渗入与新风量相互制约、非过滤渗入相对固定等多种情形下对主控室人员受照剂量的影响,并初步讨论了动态调整循环回风过滤对降低事故后主控室工作人员剂量的可行性。通过本研究,可以为不同的核电厂主控室可居留系统设计方案的改进和优化提供参考。

Optimization of filtered air intake flow rate to improve control room habitability

Control room habitability (CRH) shall be maintained to provide adequate protection for control room operators, such that they can remain in the control room envelope (CRE) safely for an extended period and thus control the nuclear facility during normal and accident conditions. Among the parameters determining radioactivity in a control room (in proportion to radiation doses of operators), intake flow rate of filtered air is an important one. The evolution of operator doses in a control room versus intake flow rate was analyzed in this paper. It turns out that the increase of intake flow rate results in larger operator doses when inert radioactive gases are the dominant radioactive substances. On the contrary, increasing intake flow rate does good to lower the irradiation level of control room operators when radioactive aerosols dominate the source terms. The rationality behind this fact was interpreted in detail in this paper, with special attention paid to the unfiltered in-leakage rate. It can be inferred that an optimal intake flow rate probably exists leading to the minimum operator dose under an actual accident condition. This paper then conducted a calculation analysis based on design parameters and source terms of design basis accident of LOCA (a large break loss of coolant accident). The evolution of operator dose was found to be a U-curve versus increasing intake flow rate, which proved the existence of the above mentioned optimal intake flow rate of filtered air for CRH systems. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of intake flow rate was carried out to study the effects of unfiltered in-leakage rate and filtered recirculation. This study indicates that intake flow rate of filtered air can significantly influence the CRH. To optimize the radiological habitability of control rooms, the effects of unfiltered in-leakage must be taken into consideration. Besides, filtered recirculation is an effective way to control radiation exposure caused by iodine and radioactive aerosols.