含软弱夹层岩质边坡在爆破地震波下的试验研究

为探求地质工程中爆破地震波作用下含软弱夹层边坡的动力响应特性，设计由混凝土基座和边坡模型组成的物理模拟试验，采用雷管和乳化炸药施加爆破地震波，开展考虑爆破孔位置和炸药量影响的多次爆破试验。首先，对速度、加速度响应分别进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)、希尔伯特—黄变换(HHT)，两者的频谱结果均表明符合爆破地震波的特征；然后，对各次爆破地震波下边坡顶部的三个方向速度响应进行对比分析，表明相似的爆破条件下将产生相似的速度响应。针对两个方向的加速度响应，将边坡模型简化为平面应变模型，对比硬岩层、软岩层之间峰值加速度矢量沿竖直和水平方向的差异性；结果表明，软弱夹层具有“吸能”和“减震”效应，软弱夹层之上的硬层具有“放大”效应，并通过定义峰值加速度影响系数来量化加速度响应的差异性。最后，构建爆破地震波作用下含软弱夹层边坡的宏观受力模型，分析边坡在爆破地震波作用下的滑动机理。试验结果不仅为天然地震触发滑坡的机理做出更加合理的力学解释，而且为爆破作业矿区的斜坡或边坡在爆破地震波作用下的稳定性评价和治理工作等提供一定的试验参考和技术依据。

Experimental study on rock slope with weak interlayer under blasting seismic wave

 In geological engineering, in order to explore the dynamic response characteristics of the slope with weak interlayer under the blasting seismic wave, a physical simulation experiment consisting of concrete base and slope model was conducted. The blasting effect was exerted by detonator and emulsion explosive, and multiple blasting tests were carried out considering the influence of blasting holes position and explosive quantity. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) were applied to the responses of velocity and acceleration respectively. The frequency spectra were consistent with the characteristics of blasting seismic wave. The comparative analysis of velocity response in three directions at the top of slope shows that similar velocity response will result from similar blasting conditions. According to the acceleration response in two directions, the slope model is simplified as plane strain model, the difference of peak acceleration vector between hard rock and soft rock along vertical and horizontal direction is compared. It is shown that the soft rock has “energy absorption” and “shock absorption” effect, and the hard rock above the soft rock has “amplification” effect, which is quantized by the coefficient of influence of peak acceleration. Finally, the macro stress model of slope with weak interlayer under the blasting seismic wave is proposed, and the sliding mechanism of slope under the blasting seismic wave is analyzed. The experimental results not only provide a more reasonable mechanical explanation for the mechanism of landslide triggered by natural earthquake, but also provide  experimental reference and reinforcement technical basis for the stability evaluation and treatment of the slope under the blasting seismic wave in the blasting operation mining area.