基于区块链技术的混凝土生产信息管理：框架研究与安全性论证

土木工程施工过程中的表单档案是工程质量评价和溯源的重要参考依据。表单档案的安全、完整保存对于土木工程的安全具有重要意义。该文以土木工程中的混凝土生产环节表单档案为依托，探索通过区块链技术保障电子化表单填写录入和长期保存安全的可行性。信息平台以混凝土仓面为基本模块，按“拌合前”、“联系单”、“拌合中”、“拌合后”和“勘误总结”的流程逻辑结构建立“单位区块”、“分部区块”和“单元区块”的数据库构架，通过无钥签名、默克尔树，结合区块链形成不可篡改的链式结构。该系统在引汉济渭黄金峡大坝开展了数据库全流程测试，生成包含3500余张单据、约18万m3混凝土的信息平台。试验结果表明，信息化建设降低了表单填写时的时间和人力成本，保证了表单电子化存档的安全性和可追溯性。区块链技术为土木工程施工档案的信息化存证提供了新的思路和途径。

Blockchain supported archive management for concrete production: Framework and safety appraisals

 The original data files developed during a civil work construction are important for quality evaluation and information traceability of the project. Therefore, the safe and complete preservation of the data files is of great significance to the safety of civil structures. Based on the data files of a concrete plant, this paper explores the feasibility of ensuring the safe input, on-line transmission and long-term preservation of the data files in digital forms. The information platform takes the concrete dumping areas as the basic modules, and classifies the database framework into “unit block”, “divisional block” and “cell block” according to the logic process of the concrete production for the process of “before mixing”, “correspondence list”, “mixing in process”, “after mixing” and “errata summary”. The database with the blockchain technology through keyless signatures and Merkle Tree is then established. This system has carried out the whole test process with about 3500 files for the production of about 18000 cubic meters concrete for the Huangjinxia dam project. This pilot work demonstrated the capability of the database for ensuring safe performance of electronic files. The blockchain technology provides a new way of thinking and an approach to keep safe digital information warehouse in civil engineering construction.