紫铜与低碳钢厚板搅拌摩擦焊工艺分析

用搅拌摩擦焊方法成功焊接了 10 mm 厚的紫铜与低碳钢板,得到了内部无缺陷、外观成形良好的接头.紫铜位于搅拌摩擦焊返回边时,能使焊缝形成良好接头.反之,位于前进边时则有沟槽和未焊合等缺陷.右旋螺纹搅拌针会使焊缝材料向上作螺旋形运动,接头有明显的轴肩影响区,缺陷容易在焊缝底部出现.左旋螺纹搅拌针使搅拌针周围的塑化金属向下迁移,在焊缝下部形成明显的呈"洋葱环"形焊核区,缺陷容易在焊缝上部出现.搅拌针偏移量对焊缝形貌有较大影响.接头抗拉强度达 233 MPa,为铜母材强度的 95%,断裂位置在铜侧热影响区.焊核区抗拉强度达 296 MPa,远超过紫铜母材的强度.

Abstract：

The joining of dissimilar metals, T2 copper and Q235 mild steel plates with 10 mm thickness, is carried out in friction stir welding. Excellent welds can be gained when copper is fixed at the retreating side, but defects can be produced in welds when copper is fixed at the advancing side. The pin shapes influence the flow of the plasticized metal in the weld, which results in the variety of the morphology of the weld. If the screw thread on the pin is clockwise, the metal around the pin will move upwards to the root of the pin, which causes that the shoulder affected zone is clear and the weld defects would form at the lower part of the weld section. If the screw thread on the pin is counter-clockwise, the metal around the pin will move downwards, which drives the metal around the pin tip to move around and upwards. The onion ring pattern, which appears like lamellar structure, is observed in the stir zone. The shoulder-affected zone is not clear; the weld defects will form at the upper part of the weld section. Various pin offsets will affect the flow of weld metal. If an optimization of the process parameters is performed, defeet-free joints can be formed. The tensile test results show that the maximum joint tensile strength can reach 233 MPa, which is 95% of the parent materials of copper, and the fracture happens in the HAZ of copper. The maximum tensile strength of the nugget zone can reach 296 MPa, which is very considerably larger than that of the parent materials of copper.

Technology of friction stir welding for copper and mild steel thick plate

The joining of dissimilar metals, T2 copper and Q235 mild steel plates with 10 mm thickness, is carried out in friction stir welding. Excellent welds can be gained when copper is fixed at the retreating side, but defects can be produced in welds when copper is fixed at the advancing side. The pin shapes influence the flow of the plasticized metal in the weld, which results in the variety of the morphology of the weld. If the screw thread on the pin is clockwise, the metal around the pin will move upwards to the root of the pin, which causes that the shoulder affected zone is clear and the weld defects would form at the lower part of the weld section. If the screw thread on the pin is counter-clockwise, the metal around the pin will move downwards, which drives the metal around the pin tip to move around and upwards. The onion ring pattern, which appears like lamellar structure, is observed in the stir zone. The shoulder-affected zone is not clear; the weld defects will form at the upper part of the weld section. Various pin offsets will affect the flow of weld metal. If an optimization of the process parameters is performed, defeet-free joints can be formed. The tensile test results show that the maximum joint tensile strength can reach 233 MPa, which is 95% of the parent materials of copper, and the fracture happens in the HAZ of copper. The maximum tensile strength of the nugget zone can reach 296 MPa, which is very considerably larger than that of the parent materials of copper.