机车车辆设备振动试验标准与实测数据的分析*

对IEC61373标准1999版和2010版进行了对比分析，发现新旧两版标准的功能性随机振动试验的严酷等级并未发生变化，提高随机振动量级模拟长寿命试验的严酷等级则存在大幅度的下降，主要在于加速比的计算方法发生了变化。为比较我国铁路线路及车辆的实测数据与IEC61373标准的差异，实测了HXD1C电力机车在路况较差的兰新线和路况较好的京广线株洲-广州段的加速度-时间历程数据，数据处理及分析结果表明我国实测振动数据的振动量级、标准偏差比较大，数据较为离散。采用IEC61373标准与实测功能性随机振动加速度谱密度(Acceleration spectral density， ASD)作为激励，对HXD1C电力机车牵引变流器进行随机振动仿真分析，垂向、横向和纵向实测谱的最大1σ应力分别高出标准谱2.4%、9.0%和22.8%，结果表明典型设备在实测谱激励下的1σ应力总体大于标准谱激励下的1σ应力。

Analysis of Vibration Test Standard and Field Measurement Data for Rolling Stock Equipment

Standards IEC61373 of version 1999 and version 2010 are analyzed and compared,and it's found that the severity levels for random vibration test of the two versions are the same.However,due to the change of the calculation method of acceleration ratio,the severity level for simulating the long life testing at increased random vibration levels is significant declined.In order to compare differences between field measurement data of railway line and vehicle in China and the standard IEC61373,the acceleration vs.time history of HXD1C electric locomotive in poor condition like Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway line,and that in good condition like Zhuzhou-Guangzhou section of the Beijing-Guangzhou railway line are measured separately.According to the data processing and the analysis,it is indicated that the vibration level and standard deviation of measured data in China are relatively large and the data are comparatively discrete.The random vibration simulations for traction converter of HXD1C electric locomotive are carried out by using the functional acceleration spectral density (ASD) of standard IEC61373 and the measured data as excitation respectively.Compared with the obtained results of standard spectrum,the maximum 1 σ stress of measured spectrum is higher by 2.4％ in vertical,9.0％ in transverse and 22.8％ in longitudinal directions respectively,which indicates that the maximum 1σ stress of typical equipments excited by measured spectrum is greater than that of the standard spectrum.