考虑故障风险的动车组部件预防性维护优化建模*

为了减小动车组部件的故障危害，以动车组四级修程时进行更换的部件为研究对象，通过引入故障风险因子，并结合我国动车组现行的多级非完美维护制度，建立一种考虑故障风险的动车组部件两级非完美顺序预防性维护模型。在顺序预防性维护模型的基础上，将维护方式进一步划分为初级维修和高级维修两种，通过经济性分析确定每一次维护的具体方式。对影响部件故障风险的各因素进行评分和权重，克服了以往模型仅考虑部件故障停机损失，忽视部件故障导致的其他危害的不足。以故障里程服从威布尔分布的部件进行算例分析，仿真结果表明，与不考虑故障风险制定出的预防性维护计划相比，该模型更具经济性和安全性，可为动车组部件的维护决策提供理论支持。

Optimization of Preventive Maintenance for Component of Electric Multiple Unit with Consideration of Failure Risk

In order to reduce failure harm,component being replaced in the 4-class of electric multiple unit (EMU) is studied.By introducing failure risk factors and combining with multi-level maintenancce rule of EMU in china,a bi-level imperfect sequential preventive maintenance model for component of EMU with consideration of failure risk is developed.Based on the sequential preventive maintenance model,maintenance methods are divided into junior and senior,and the specific way of maintenance is determined by economic analysis.Scored and weighted the factors which decide the failure risk of component,the shortage of previous models which only considering failure losses and neglecting other harm of failure are avoided.The example of failure rate of component following Weibull distribution is analyzed.The numerical results show that compared with the maintenance plan which made without consideration of failure risk,this model can keep component at a higher reliability and lower cost,and it can also provide strong support for maintenance decision-making of component of EMU.