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Characterizing the nano and micro structure of concrete to improve its durability
Authors:P.J.M. Monteiro  A.P. Kirchheim  S. Chae  P. Fischer  A.A. MacDowell  E. Schaible  H.R. Wenk
Affiliation:1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, USA;2. Center for X-ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA;3. Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA;4. Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, USA;1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran;2. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China;4. School of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;1. Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, PA 19104, USA;2. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA;1. CERIS, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua Pedro Nunes – Quinta da Nora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal;2. CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Suez University, Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez, Egypt;2. Delta University for Science and Technology, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Gamasa, Egypt;1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China;2. Centre of Mathematics, University of Minho, Braga 4700-052, Portugal;3. C-TAC Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore, Singapore;2. China Railway 15th Bureau Group Co., Ltd, Luoyang 471013, China;3. School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4001, Australia
Abstract:New and advanced methodologies have been developed to characterize the nano and microstructure of cement paste and concrete exposed to aggressive environments. High resolution full-field soft X-ray imaging in the water window is providing new insight on the nano scale of the cement hydration process, which leads to a nano-optimization of cement-based systems. Hard X-ray microtomography images of ice inside cement paste and cracking caused by the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) enables three-dimensional structural identification. The potential of neutron diffraction to determine reactive aggregates by measuring their residual strains and preferred orientation is studied. Results of experiments using these tools are shown on this paper.
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