Anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effect of active components in donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells |
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| Authors: | Xueying Mao Junnan Gu Yan Sun Shiping Xu Xiaoying Zhang Haiying Yang Fazheng Ren |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus;2. Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Ireland;1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;2. Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus;2. Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56100, Italy; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute, Pisa 56124, Italy;2. Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali Enrico Avanzi, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy;3. Bolsista Da Capes (Proc. No. 88888.021980/2013-00), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, km 25, Distrito Eng. Luiz Englert, Sertão, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;2. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China;3. Interdepartmental Center for Research in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences “Enrico Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;4. Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Dairy Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece;2. Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., 11855 Athens, Greece |
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| Abstract: | The anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effects of donkey milk on A549 human lung cancer cells were investigated in vitro, and its effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cytokine production were examined. Donkey milk active fractions reduced the viability of A549 cells in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. Fraction-IV, a fraction of whey protein with a molecular mass >10 kDa, was the most effective fraction (P < 0.05) in inducing an accumulation of A549 cells in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases, indicating a potent cytotoxicity and causing cell death by apoptosis. The anti-proliferative activity of conditioned medium, prepared with fraction-IV-stimulated murine splenocytes, was significantly higher than that of fraction-IV alone (P < 0.05). Moreover, it could increase the secretion of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The active components of donkey milk not only could directly suppress tumour proliferation in vitro, but may also indirectly kill tumours through activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. A high content of lysozyme in fraction-IV may contribute to its anti-tumour activity. |
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