Synthesis, formulation, and characterization of siloxane–polyurethane coatings for underwater marine applications using combinatorial high-throughput experimentation |
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Authors: | Abdullah Ekin Dean C Webster Justin W Daniels Shane J Stafslien Franck Cassé James A Callow Maureen E Callow |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;(2) Center for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;(3) School of Biosciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK |
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Abstract: | Crosslinked siloxane–polyurethane coatings were designed, synthesized, formulated, applied, and characterized using combinatorial
high-throughput experimentation and eight coatings were selected as candidates for further characterization. First, 72 novel
hydroxyalkyl carbamate and dihydroxyalkyl carbamate-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) oligomers and their carbamate-linked
block copolymers with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were synthesized using a high-throughput synthesis system. These PDMS oligomers
and block copolymers were characterized for their molecular weight using high-throughput Gel Permeation Chromatography (Rapid-GPC).
The 72 oligomers were then incorporated into siloxane–polyurethane formulations at four different levels resulting in 288
coatings. After initial screening of these 288 coatings, eight coatings were selected for further characterization. Differential
scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface energy analysis demonstrate
the presence of PDMS on the surface with a polyurethane underlayer. Pseudo-barnacle adhesion and the attachment strength of
reattached live barnacles (Balanus amphitrite) were in good agreement. Out of the eight coatings that were down-selected, two coatings performed well in algal (Ulva), bacterial (Cytophaga lytica, Halomonas pacifica), and barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) laboratory screening assays and are potential candidates for ocean testing.
This paper was awarded Second Place in the 2006 Roon Awards competition, held as part of the FutureCoat! conference, sponsored
by the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, in New Orleans, LA, on November 1-3, 2006. |
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Keywords: | Surface analysis Biofouling Isocyanates Polyurethanes Silicones Marine Combinatorial High-throughput experimentation |
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