Towards a Type-Theoretical Account of Lexical Semantics |
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Authors: | Christian Bassac Bruno Mery Christian Retoré |
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Affiliation: | (1) Multimedia Concepts and Applications, Augsburg University, Eichleitnerstr. 30, 86159 Augsburg, Germany |
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Abstract: | After a quick overview of the field of study known as “Lexical Semantics”, where we advocate the need of accessing additional
information besides syntax and Montague-style semantics at the lexical level in order to complete the full analysis of an
utterance, we summarize the current formulations of a well-known theory of that field. We then propose and justify our own
model of the Generative Lexicon Theory, based upon a variation of classical compositional semantics, and outline its formalization.
Additionally, we discuss the theoretical place of informational, knowledge-related data supposed to exist within the lexicon
as well as within discourse and other linguistic constructs. The formalization of the structure of natural language utterances
around a surface form (phenogrammatics), a deep structure (tectogrammatics) and the meaning thereof as a logical form (semantics)
has developed from the original theories of Curry and Montague to form coherent, type-driven models. Most of these new theories
rely upon variations of the compositional analysis of the sentence: from pheno to tectogrammatics, and then to semantics.
Our contribution to this work aims at giving such a model a means to overcome the problems posed by polysemous lexical units
during the semantical analysis of the tectogrammatical form. Building upon an assumed “deep structure”, we formalize parts
of Pustejovsky’s Generative Lexicon Theory, linguistically motivated in Pustejovsky (The generative lexicon, MIT Press, Cambridge,
MA, 1995), in a pre-processing of the semantics of the sentence. The mechanisms of Lexical Semantics we propose are an additional
layer of classical Montague compositional semantics, and, as such, integrate smoothly within such an analysis; we proceed
by converting the lexical data to modifiers of the logical form. This treatment of Lexical Semantics furthermore induces us
to think that some sort of non-evident background knowledge of the common use of words is necessary to perform a correct semantic
analysis of an utterance. This “commonsense metaphysics” would therefore not be strictly confined to pragmatics, as is often
assumed. |
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