中国城市要素利用质量水平测算与研究:基于要素市场扭曲视角

基于2000-2016年期间中国30个地区260个地级及以上城市的平衡面板数据,将要素市场扭曲划分为资本要素市场扭曲和劳动要素市场扭曲两个部分,采用超越对数生产函数测算中国城市资本要素市场扭曲和劳动力要素市场扭曲水平并进行研究,在此基础上进一步分析城市生产要素扭曲水平与城市规模之间的关系。研究结果发现:2000-2016年期间,中国城市总体的资本要素市场和劳动力要素市场均处于较为严重的扭曲状态,两种要素市场上均出现了负向扭曲,且资本要素市场扭曲比劳动力要素市场扭曲程度更为严重,即城市资本—劳动相对扭曲指数显著大于1;中国260个城市的资本要素市场均出现负向扭曲,劳动力要素市场出现正向扭曲和负向扭曲的城市分别占据全部样本城市的38.5%和61.5%;中国城市要素市场扭曲水平与城市规模均呈现倒“U”型关系,当城市人口规模分别超过475.80万人和379.18万人时,城市人口规模对资本要素市场扭曲和劳动力要素市场扭曲的影响由正向变为负向。

Measurement and Research on the Utilization Quality Level of Urban Factors in China: From the Perspective of Factor Market Distortion

Based on the balanced panel data of 260 cities at prefecture or above levels in thirty provinces in China during the period from 2000 to 2016,this paper divides the factor market distortion into two categories,namely,the capital factor market distortion and the labor factor market distortion.The translog production function is then used to measure the level of the two types of distortions,followed by an analysis of the relationship between urban production factor distortion and the urban scale.The empirical results show that the capital factor market and the labor factor market in Chinese cities were both in negatively distorted states during the period from 2000 to 2016.The distortion of the capital factor market was found to be stronger than that of the labor factor market.The capital factor markets in 260 cities in China were all negatively distorted,while the proportions of the cities with positive distortion and negative distortion in the labor factor market were 38.5%and 61.5%respectively.There exists an inverted U shape relationship between the level of urban factor market distortion and the urban scale in China,and the threshold values are 3.954 million and 2.127 million respectively.