Segmentation and recognition of phonetic features in handwritten Pitman shorthand |
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| Authors: | Yang Ma Graham Leedham Colin Higgins Swe Myo Htwe |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4-2A-32 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore;2. School of Computer Science and IT, The University of Nottingham, Wollaton Road, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK;1. Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People''s Republic of China;2. School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People''s Republic of China;1. Michigan State University, Utah State University, United States;2. Michigan State University, United States;1. Department of Physics, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China;2. Department of Physics, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221009, China;3. MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China;4. Department of Physics, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China;5. Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;6. Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 3 Heqing Road, Beijing 100084, China;1. Institute of Applied Mathematics, Óbuda University, Bécsi út 96/b, 1034 Budapest, Hungary;2. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain |
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| Abstract: | There is a wish to be able to enter text into mobile computing devices at the speed of speech. Only handwritten shorthand schemes can achieve this data recording rate. A new, overall solution to the segmentation and recognition of phonetic features in Pitman shorthand is proposed in this paper. Approaches to the recognition of consonant outlines, vowel and diphthong symbols and shortforms, which are different components of Pitman shorthand, are presented. A new rule is introduced to solve the issue of smooth junctions in the consonant outlines which was normally the bottleneck for recognition. Experiments with a set of 1127 consonant outlines, 2039 vowels and diphthongs and 841 shortforms from three shorthand writers have demonstrated that the proposed solution is quite promising. The recognition accuracies for consonant outlines, vowels and diphthongs, and shortforms achieved 75.33%, 96.86% and 91.86%, respectively. From the evaluation of 461 outlines with smooth junction, the introduction of the new rule has a great positive effect on the performance of the solution. The recognition accuracy of smooth junction improves from 37.53% to 93.41% given a writing time increase of 14.42%. |
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