Mineral scale formation and mitigation on metals and a polymeric heat exchanger surface |
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| Authors: | SN Kazi GG Duffy XD Chen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia;1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman;2. Faculty of Chemical, Gas and Petroleum Eng., Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;3. Institute for Thermodynamics and Thermal Engineering (ITW), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldering 6, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany;1. School of Chemical and Petroleum Eng., Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;2. Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttechnik (IVU), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;1. Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA;2. Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica-MCTIC, Av. Getulio Vargas 333, Petrópolis, RJ 25651-075, Brazil;3. Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS 134, Houston, TX 77005-1827, USA |
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| Abstract: | An experimental set-up was built to study heat transfer fouling of different pipe materials used in heat exchangers. Fouling mitigation investigations using wood pulp fibres in suspension in the fouling liquid were also performed. The new set-up allows progressive visual observation of fouling with time together with a recorded history under the same solution conditions. On completion, the tube under investigation could be removed to obtain quantitative data on the progressive build up of the deposit as well as the composition of the deposit.The experimental technique involved a pipe test specimen being centrally located in a cylindrical tank concentric with a vertical agitator to give constant and uniform flow conditions near the tube surface. The investigation of calcium sulphate deposition on four different metal surfaces (copper, aluminium, brass and stainless steel SS 316 respectively) and a polycarbonate surface reveals that the fouling increases with time but at a decreasing rate. The deposition on a metal surface can be seen to increase with increasing thermal conductivity and decreasing total surface energy over the range of experiments. Low surface energy material such as polycarbonate causes less attraction to the floating crystals and receives less deposition in comparison to the SS surface.Bleached Kraft softwood fibres at various concentrations were added to the solution to examine their effects on fouling. The results indicate that fouling is reduced as fibre concentration increases. It was also found that the fouling on stainless steel, brass and copper surfaces were all retarded in presence of fibre in the solution. |
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